Electric vehicles (EVs) operate without requiring gas engines and use a controller to regulate power. They use rechargeable batteries, recharged by household electricity, and move on roads without fuel consumption or exhaust emissions.
Working of Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles operate like automatic cars, with a forward in reverse mode. When in gear, the accelerator pedal converts DC battery power to AC, adjusting the vehicle’s speed. The motor connects and turns wheels through a coil, and when brakes are pressed, it becomes an alternator, producing power and returning to the battery.
1 Motor
2 rotor and stator
An electric car motor works using a physical process this consist if using a current to create a magnetic field at the fixed part of the machine called as the stator whose displacement sets a rotating part called as rotor the difference be rotor rotates
Difference between an engine and a motor
A motor converts energy into mechanical energy, while an engine uses thermal energy for combustion, making it suitable for electric vehicles as mechanical energy is generated from electricity.
Electric vehicles parts and function
Electric cars are simple to understand, with batteries replacing engines and electric motors over tail pipes, making them simpler to operate than traditional vehicles.
Parts name
1 Traction battery pack power inverter (an electrical energy storage system in the form of direct current electricity if it get a signal from the controller the battery will transmit Dc electrical energy to the inverter and then used to drive the motor the type of battery used is a rechargeable battery arranged
2 Electric traction motor( the electric traction motor will work turning the transmission and wheels using power from the traction battery pack some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration function electric car used brushless Dc motor
3 power electronics controller
4 power inverter ( it’s function is to change direct current on the battery into an alternating current this Ac current is used by electric motor the inverter in an electric car has a function to change the ac current when regenerative breaking to Dc current and then used to recharge the battery
5 power electronic controller
A controller unit is an inverter and converter combination that recharges the battery pack of an electric vehicle during regenerative braking which develop kinetic energy the flow of energy from the battery is controlled using controller unit in tandem with the converter and inverter combination the Dc motor controller system is still used in electric vehicle to keep cost down
6 charge port
The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply in order to change the traction battery pack
7 Dc converter
This device convert higher voltage Dc power from the traction battery pack to the lower voltage auxiliary battery
8 Charger
charger is a battery changing device charger get electrically from outside of electric car chargers on board charger this charger is located and installed in car
9 Transmission
It transfer mechanical power from the electric traction motor to drive the wheels
Thermal management in electric cars
This system maintains a proper operating temperature
4 Types of electric vehicles
1 BEV battery electric vehicles
2 HEV hybrid electric vehicles
3 PHEV plug in hybrid electric vehicles
4 FCEV fuel cell electric vehicle
BEV
Electric vehicles, such as Volkswagen e-golf, BMW i3, and Nissan Leaf, run on battery packs that charge through the electricity grid, providing power to electric motors.
HEV
Standard hybrid vehicles combine an internal combustion engine and electric motor, generating energy from gasoline. The transmission drives wheels, while the battery can be charged, but the IC engine speed or combination is not compatible with external charging ports.
PHEV
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles combine an IC engine and motor, powered by a rechargeable battery pack. They run in two modes: hybrid mode, which uses both electricity and gasoline, and some can travel over 70 miles on electricity alone.
FCEV
Zero emission vehicles use fuel cell technology to generate electricity directly from chemical energy, like Toyota Mira and Honda Clarity. They can be charged at public or home charging stations.
EV s range
The optimal electric car for normal journeys requires a vehicle with a suitable battery size and efficiency for full charge travel.
How far you travel on full charge?
The range of an electric vehicle depends on the battery size, with larger batteries providing more power, such as the Volkswagen E-Golf, Hyundai Kina, and Jaguar I Pace.
Battery capacity and kwh
Kilowatt hours are a unit of energy used by devices to work, such as a 100bwatt light bulb using 0.1 kWh per hour, or an average home using 100 kWh per year.
How long does it take to charge an EV?
Three electric vehicle charging speeds are available: slow (3kw), fast (7kw or 22kw), and rapid (43kw). Slow charging takes 8-10 hours, fast 3-4 hours, and rapid 30-60 minutes
Advantages of EV
Electric vehicles are environmentally friendly, emit zero emissions, and contribute to a healthier planet. They are cheaper than gasoline, require no oil change, operate smoothly and quietly, respond faster, and can be recharged easily using household sockets.
Disadvantage of EV
Electric vehicles require finding a charging station, recharging takes 15-20 hours, and have a limited driving range. They are suitable for daily commutes but have higher upfront prices than gas-powered vehicles. The charging time is limited, and the cost can be high for more affordable models. This trend is expected to continue as demand for charging stations increases.