Transmits outputs to the fuel injectors, spark plugs, and other engine components after comparing that data to preset programming chosen by the manufacturer to ensure optimal engine performance.
1.Crank Position Sensor :
The crank position sensor, located in the crankcase, counts differences on the crankshaft and sends this to the ECU for determining the engine’s rotational speed.
2.Cam Position Sensor :
The cam position sensor, located in the cylinder head, finds the exact position of the camshaft and valves.
3. Mass Airflow Sensor:
The mass airflow sensor, between the air filter and the engine’s intake manifold, calculates air intake during the intake stroke, helping the ECU determine fuel addition for optimal results.
4. Knock Sensor :
Knock sensors detect high-frequency engine vibrations and transmit signals to the ECU, preventing knocking before ignition. This improves engine efficiency and power, as the ECU returns ignition timing and stops knocking.
5.Cool and Temperature Sensor :
A car engine’s heat generation necessitates continuous cooling to prevent damage. Coolant is circulated through the radiator’s passageways, with thin metal fins and an electric fan transferring heat. A coolant temperature sensor alerts the ECU when the liquid coolant reaches a certain temperature, which is used to adjust fuel injection and ignition timing, and control the electric cooling fan.
6. Fuel Temperature Sensor:
The fuel temperature sensor measures fuel temperature and sends signals to the ECU, adjusting fuel injection based on fuel density. Brands may place this sensor inside the fuel tank or on a high-pressure pump.
7. Crash Sensor :
The airbag system is crucial for safety, with crash sensors signaling when a vehicle is damaged in an accident. These small electronics send signals to the airbag control unit, which fills the airbag within 25-50 milliseconds, providing cushioning and saving lives. They are located in the front and side pillars.
8. Sensor for Anti -lock Braking system:
The advanced anti-locking braking system in vehicles prevents wheels from locking up during hard braking, allowing the vehicle to slow down while maintaining grip. Speed sensors on all wheels monitor speed, and the ECU reads signals from these sensors. When a wheel’s speed decreases, the ECU sends a signal to reduce brake pressure, close valves, and repeat the cycle until brakes are applied normally.
9. Parking Sensors :
Parking sensors are proximity sensors in vehicles that alert drivers of obstacles during parking. They work on ultrasonic or electromagnetic principles and detect nearby objects. When reversed gear is engaged, these sensors measure distance, providing visual and sound warnings for safe parking.
10. Rain wiping sensor:
The rain sensor on the windshield glass detects rainfall and adjusts the wiping cycle. It sends infrared light to activate wipers, adjusting speed and frequency based on precipitation intensity and vehicle speed.
